Beethoven: Missa Solemnis Op. 123

Missa Solemnis, Op. 123 is a solemn mass composition by Ludwig van Beethoven, completed in 1823. The work is a large-scale choral and orchestral setting characterised by dense contrapuntal textures, extended vocal solo passages and an expansive harmonic language, and it occupies a central place among Beethoven's late-period compositions that pushed the expressive and structural boundaries of liturgical music.