1.
Introduction — Europe in the "Modern Age"
2.
Social and Political Life Under the Ancien Regime
3.
Intellectual and Cultural Life — The Challenge of the Enlightenment
4.
The Origins of the French Revolution
5.
The Outbreak of the Revolution and the Monarchist Response
6.
The Terror and Its Aftermath
7.
The Rise of Napoleon — Heir of the Revolution or New Form of Tyranny?
8.
Napoleonic Europe — an Epoch of War
9.
The Restoration and Reactionary Conservatism
10.
The Challenge of Liberal Nationalism
11.
Liberal Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution — The English Experience
12.
The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
13.
The Revolution in France
14.
Revolution in Central Europe
15.
The Political Implications of the Revolution
16.
The Unification of Germany
17.
The Unification of Italy
18.
The New Imperialism
19.
Race, Religion, and Greed — Explaining European Expansion
20.
Marx and the Challenge of Socialism
21.
The Social Problem and the Crisis of Liberalism
22.
A New Conservatism — Anti-Modernism and the Origins of Fascism
23.
European Cultural and Intellectual Life
24.
Social Norms, Social Strains in the Belle Epoque
25.
The International System, 1871–1890
26.
The Breakdown of the International System and the Slide Toward War
27.
Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in the Multi-National Empires of Central and Eastern Europe
28.
The July Crisis and the Outbreak of War
29.
The War to End All Wars — The Experience of the Trenches
30.
The Treaty of Versailles and the Failed Peace
31.
The Bolshevik Revolution
32.
Civil War and the Establishment of the Soviet State
33.
The Soviet System Under Stalin
34.
Mussolini and the Emergence of Italian Fascism
35.
The Democracies in Crisis
36.
Hitler and the Rise of Nazism in Germany
37.
Totalitarianism — The Third Reich
38.
The Third Reich — Ideology and Domestic Policy
39.
Ideology and Hitler's Foreign Policy
40.
The Twenty-Year Crisis — The International System, 1919–1939
41.
The Coming of War, 1939
42.
The Blitzkrieg, 1940–1941
43.
The Holocaust
44.
The World at War
45.
The Origins of the Cold War
46.
The Division of Europe
47.
The Collapse of Communism
48.
Conclusion — Europe on the Eve of the 21st Century